Philosophy of biology dealing with epistemological and ethical issues across biological and biomedical sciences is an independent field rooted in the rise of modern synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s including the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in 1953 onwards including the advancements in genetic engineering [Sober, E. (2018)]. Philosophers of biology study the theories, concepts and practices related to biologists from a perspective of understanding biology more profoundly as a scientific discipline or a group of scientific fields. The analysis of the scientific ideas, thus, is done philosophically along with their outcomes. Within this view, ethics, aesthetics and epistemology is sought to be understood in relation to biology. It is also addressed if biology should induce modern societies to rethink traditional values regarding all walks of life, including natural selection, distinguishing diseases, meaning of life, biological materialism and deterministic molecular biology, possibility of rationality, relationship between laws of biology and laws of physics. The strongly interdisciplinary-oriented philosophy of biology as a progressive endeavor is discernable while signifying if the other ones are discernable or not [Callebaut, W. (2005)]. The aims of philosophy of systems biology sensu lato affect traditional way of thinking in applied and basic sciences [Boogerd, F. C. (2017)]. While placing the innovative idea of design gives credence to the explanation within the philosophy of biology so that shifting from backward looking to forward looking can be achieved by deriving philosophical concepts from functional biology that benefit systems medicine and personalized healthcare.
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